India Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In the early 1900s, millions of people peacefully started to protest against British rule. British Colonial exploitation resulted in the deaths of millions of Indians due to starvation and famine. In the 1600s, India came under European colonization, and by 1856 the British controlled most of India. As Mughal rule weakened other empires like the Maratha empire and Sikh empire replaced it.

There may be as many as 1,652 different dialects in India. It has the status of a ‘subsidiary official language’. About 65% of Indians live in rural areas, or land set aside for farming. Over one quarter of the population (27.5%) was living in poverty in 2004–2005. In terms of PPP, the economy is 3rd largest (worth US$8.720 trillion).

Multi-generational patrilineal joint families have been the norm in India, though nuclear families are becoming common in urban areas. The Constituent Assembly of India abolished untouchability in 1947, the Republic of India did more formally in 1950, and India has since enacted other anti-discriminatory laws and social welfare initiatives related to caste. India bears a disproportionately large burden of the world’s tuberculosis rates, with World Health Organization (WHO) statistics for 2022 estimating 2.8 million new infections annually, accounting for 26% of the global total.

The number of Indian Grandmasters has increased recently. Chess, which originated in India, is also becoming popular. Tennis has become popular due to the victories of the India Davis Cup team. There is also the Indian cricket league and Indian premier league Twenty20 competitions.

The earliest literary source that sheds light on India’s past is the Rig Veda. The History of India begins with the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of the Aryans. King Shivaji used the guerrilla tactics to capture a part of, the then, dominant Mughal empire. Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India. Shah Jahan, also known as Shahbuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan, was a Mughal Emperor who ruled in the Indian Subcontinent from 1628 to 1658. After the death of Harsha the Rajputs came into prominence on the political horizons of North India.

Virupaksha Temple

India (भारत  (Hindi) Bhārat Gaṇarājya) officially the Republic of India, also known as Hindustān, is a country in South Asia. Translations of the content into languages other than English are generated using automated tools and may not always be accurate. Legal revision and translation into all official EU languages Indian timeline takes us on a journey of the history of the subcontinent. In the eighth century Islam came to India for the first time and by the eleventh century had firmly established itself in India as a political force. The fifth century saw the unification of India under Ashoka, who had converted to Buddhism, and it is in his reign that Buddhism spread in many parts of Asia.

But in the South, under the Pallava and Chola dynasties, sculpture in both stone and bronze had a sustained period of great achievement; the large bronzes with Shiva as Nataraja have become an iconic symbol of India. Over bet365 india the following centuries a distinctly Indian style of sculpting the human figure developed, with less interest in articulating precise anatomy than ancient Greek sculpture but showing smoothly flowing forms expressing prana (“breath” or life-force). Almost all surviving ancient Indian art thereafter is in various forms of religious sculpture in durable materials, or coins. A very large majority of Indians have their marriages arranged by their parents or family elders.

West Bengal(Kolkata)

India’s nominal GDP per capita increased steadily from US$308 in 1991, when economic liberalisation began, to US$1,380 in 2010, to an estimated US$2,731 in 2024. India was the world’s second-largest textile exporter after China in the 2013 calendar year. In 2008, India’s share of world trade was 1.7%; in 2021, India was the world’s ninth-largest importer and the sixteenth-largest exporter. The 522-million-worker Indian labour force is the world’s second largest, as of 2017update.

• Hindu nationalist BJP party scores biggest election victory by any party in 30 years.
• Apart from its many religions and sects, India is home to innumerable castes and tribes, as well as to more than a dozen major and hundreds of minor linguistic groups from several language families unrelated to one another.
• Its further access to the riches of Bengal and the subsequent increased strength and size of its army enabled it to annexe or subdue most of India by the 1820s.
• Singh became the first prime minister to be re-elected after Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962.

The ancient Greeks called Indians as Indoi (Ἰνδοί), which means “the people of the Indus”. Most of Indians follow Hinduism at 80%, but people of different religions such as Buddhism, Sikhism and Islam also live there. India has reduced its rate of poverty but its economic inequality has increased. According to New World Wealth, India is the fifth richest country in the world with a total individual wealth of $12.6 trillion. India has the fourth largest economy by nominal GDP, the third largest by GDP (PPP) and is one of the fastest growing major economy.

India

Native speakers of Hindi represented about 41% of the Indian population in the 2001 Indian census. Around 5% of the people speak a Tibeto-Burman language. About 69% of Indians speak an Indo-Arayan language, and about 26% speak a Dravidian language. The largest cities in India are Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad. In 2023, India passed China to become the world’s most populous country. Despite its economic growth, India continues to suffer from poverty.

It is the 7th largest in the world with a nominal GDP of $2,250 billion (USD). India’s economy is among the world’s fastest growing. Neither mainland China nor Taiwan recognize that Arunachal Pradesh belongs to India. Indians and Tibetans see this line as the official border. In 1914, British India and Tibet agreed on the McMahon Line, as part of the Simla Accord. Similarly, the Republic of India does not recognise the Pakistani and Chinese parts of Kashmir.

It is now generally accepted that India’s geographic position, continental outline, and basic geologic structure resulted from a process of plate tectonics—the shifting of enormous, rigid crustal plates over the Earth’s underlying layer of molten material. Three other Indian cities—Bengaluru (Bangalore), Chennai (Madras), and Hyderabad—are among the world’s fastest-growing high-technology centers, and most of the world’s major information technology and software companies now have offices in India. At independence, India was blessed with several leaders of world stature, most notably Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, who were able to galvanize the masses at home and bring prestige to India abroad. Yet social legislation has done much to alleviate the disabilities previously suffered by formerly “untouchable” castes, tribal populations, women, and other traditionally disadvantaged segments of society. Earnest attempts have been made to instill a spirit of nationhood in so varied a population, but tensions between neighboring groups have remained and at times have resulted in outbreaks of violence. Religious minorities, including Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains, still account for a significant proportion of the population.

India contains 172 IUCN-designated threatened animal species, or 2.9% of endangered forms. This lowered endemism among India’s mammals, which stands at 12.6%, contrasting with 45.8% among reptiles and 55.8% among amphibians. Still later, mammals entered India from Asia through two zoogeographic passes flanking the Himalayas.

India has been said to be a “quasi-federal” form of government. This forced the national parties to create coalition governments. It has six national parties, for example the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It is the largest democracy in the world by the number of people. Because of some of India’s deserts, the entire country gets rain for four months of the year.

1600s – The British arrive and establish trading posts under The British East India Company – by the 1850s they control most of the subcontinent. 2500 BC – India is home to several ancient civilisations and empires. Indian nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi with Viceroy of India Lord Mountbatten and his wife in 1947

Humans began to create settlements in the subcontinent 9,000 years ago, on the western banks of the Indus River. At first, they had lived in the subcontinent as hunter-gatherers. Sri Lanka and the Maldives are nearby to the south.

India shares borders with Pakistan to the northwest; with Nepal, China, and Bhutan to the north; and with Myanmar and Bangladesh to the east. The oldest extant mathematical document produced on the Indian subcontinent is the birch bark Bakhshali manuscript from the 7th century CE. India has the largest population of Hindus, Sikhs, and Jains, the third-largest population of Muslims (after Indonesia and Pakistan) and the ninth largest of Buddhists. This list includes major regional languages, but also others—such as Sanskrit, which no longer has first language speakers in India, and Urdu, which is not region-specific—because of their value to India’s cultural heritage.

The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India’s economic expansion, resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture. Indian merchants, scholars, and sometimes armies were involved in this transmission; Southeast Asians took the initiative as well, with many sojourning in Indian seminaries and translating Buddhist and Hindu texts into their languages. They were imitated all over India and led to both the resurgence of Hinduism and the development of all modern languages of the subcontinent. India’s pre-existing Dravidian languages were supplanted in the northern regions. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;k China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. From the largest to the smallest, each State/UT of India has a unique demography, history and culture, dress, festivals, language etc.

In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia.